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To learn more about I&R
in your state just click below.
To learn more about I&R
legal requirements just click below.
To
find out what has been on your state's ballot just check out the box below.
Description of Processes
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The map shows which states have the
initiative and
referendum process
(citizens can place issues on the ballot) and what type.
Every state has some form of the legislative process which allows the government to place issues on the ballot
and so therefore is not referenced in the map. Please
click here for a complete listing of legislative referendum states and a
breakdown of which states allow legislative constitutional amendments and those
that allow legislative statutes.
State-by-State List
of Initiative and Referendum Provisions
|
State |
Date adopted |
Type of
process available |
Type of Initiative
process available |
Type of initiative
process used to propose
constitutional amendments |
Type of initiative
process used to propose
statutes |
|
Initiative |
Referendum |
Constitutional
Amendment |
Statute |
Direct |
Indirect |
Direct |
Indirect |
|
AK
AZ
AR
CA
CO |
1956
1911
1910
1911
1912 |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
No
No
No
No
No |
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
No
No
No
No |
|
FL
ID
IL
ME |
1972
1912
1970
1908 |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
No
Yes
No
Yes |
Yes
No
Yes
No |
No
Yes
No
Yes |
Yes
No
Yes
No |
No
No
No
No |
No
Yes
No
No |
No
No
No
Yes |
|
MD
MA
MI
MS
MO |
1915
1918
1908
1914/92
1908 |
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes |
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes |
No
No
Yes
No
Yes |
No
Yes
No
Yes
No |
No
No
No
No
Yes |
No
Yes
Yes
No
No |
|
MT
NE
NV
NM
ND |
1904/72
1912
1905
1911
1914 |
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes |
No
No
No
No
No |
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes |
No
No
Yes
No
No |
|
OH
OK
OR
SD |
1912
1907
1902
1898/72/88 |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes |
No
No
No
No |
No
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
No
No
No |
|
UT
WA
WY |
1900/17
1912
1968 |
Yes
Yes
Yes |
Yes
Yes
Yes |
No
No
No |
Yes
Yes
Yes |
No
No
No |
No
No
No |
Yes
Yes
No |
Yes
Yes
Yes |
|
Totals |
27 states |
24 states |
23 states |
18 states |
21 states |
16 states |
2 states |
14 states |
9 states |
Every state allows the
legislature to place a measure on the ballot. Every state except Delaware
requires a popular vote to approve constitutional amendments.
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